Independence & Disclosures

Dr. Howard Ku writes and publishes the research presented on DrKu.net in his personal capacity. He currently serves as Sales Director at PCK Steel Pipe, creating a potential professional and commercial interest in the broader steel-pipe sector. Unless expressly stated otherwise, the views and conclusions presented on this site are his own and do not represent an official position of PCK Steel Pipe or any other organisation.

Research published on DrKu.net is intended for scholarly, educational and professional discussion.

The website does not constitute:

an official employer publication
a manufacturer endorsement
engineering certification
a warranty
a commercial offer
project approval
project-specific engineering advice

Applicable project specifications, contracts, laws, codes, standards and competent engineering judgement remain controlling in real projects. Nothing on this site is a substitute for them.

Published white papers retain their own version numbers and DOI records, which carry the authoritative metadata for each work.